Thursday, July 30, 2020
What Are the Symptoms of Test Anxiety
What Are the Symptoms of Test Anxiety Student Resources Print Signs and Symptoms of Test Anxiety By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 07, 2020 Comstock/ Stockbyte/ Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Test anxiety is a form of performance anxiety that is characterized by fear, worry, tension, and even feelings of physical illness in the face of taking an exam. Many people experience stress or anxiety before an exam. In fact, a little nervousness can actually help you perform your best. However, when this distress becomes so excessive that it actually interferes with performance on an exam, it is known as test anxiety. Symptoms of Test Anxiety The symptoms of test anxiety can vary considerably and range from mild to severe. Some students experience only mild symptoms of test anxiety and are still able to do fairly well on exams. Other students are nearly incapacitated by their anxiety, which may lead to poor test performance or even panic attacks before or during exams.? Physical Symptoms of test anxiety include: SweatingShakingRapid heartbeatDry mouthFaintingNausea Milder cases of test anxiety can cause a sense of butterflies in the stomach, while more severe cases can actually cause students to become physically ill. People may even vomit or experience diarrhea before a test. Emotional symptoms of test anxiety can include: DepressionLow self-esteemAngerFeelings of hopelessnessDistressFeelings of inadequacy Students often feel helpless to change their situation or belittle and berate themselves for their symptoms and poor test performance. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms can include: FidgetingOutright avoidance of testing situationsForgetfulnessSelf-doubtNegative self-talk In some cases, test anxiety can become so severe that students will drop out of school in order to avoid the source of their fear. Substance abuse can also occur since many students attempt to self-treat their anxiety by taking downers such as prescription medications and alcohol. Test anxiety makes it very difficult to concentrate during an exam. Many people with test anxiety report blanking out on answers to the test even though they thoroughly studied the information and were sure that they knew the answers to the questions. Negative self-talk, trouble concentrating on the test and racing thoughts are also common cognitive symptoms of test anxiety. How Prevalent Is Test Anxiety? Anxiety disorders tend to be quite common. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 19.1 % of U.S. adult had some type of anxiety disorder within the past year. An estimated 31.1% of all U.S. adults will experience at least one anxiety disorder at some point during their lives. One study found that anywhere from 10% to 40% of school-age students experience test anxiety. What Does It Feel Like to Have Anxiety? Causes of Test Anxiety There are a number of different factors that may lead students to experience anxiety in the face of tests. Research has shown that parents who place a great deal of academic pressure on their children may contribute to test anxiety.?? Students who feel this parental pressure are more likely to experience physical symptoms of anxiety during tests as well as greater worry before and during exams. Some other potential causes of test anxiety include: Poor past test performance. Students who have done poorly on previous tests may be more likely to feel anxious in the future.Lack of preparation. Procrastination or failing to study for an exam can increase anxiety levels during a test.Fear of failure. Students who connect their sense of self-worth to their test scores experience a great deal of pressure to perform well. This high-pressure to perform well can then lead to greater anxiety. Test anxiety can also feed upon itself. Once a student has experienced some level of test anxiety for whatever reason, whether it was due to poor preparation or high external pressure from teachers or parents, they are more likely to experience similar anxiety again in the future. Students may become so fearful of experiencing anxiety symptoms that they become even more fearful of testing situations. One study found that students with learning disabilities are more likely to experience this type of anxiety. Treatments Treatment for test anxiety often involves self-help and therapeutic strategies for managing stress levels before and during an exam. Students are often assisted with study techniques and test-taking skills to ensure that they have the preparation and abilities they need to succeed on tests. Helping students to build confidence in their test-taking ability can also be helpful. Students who have severe anxiety or who experience panic attacks may also be prescribed anti-anxiety medications to help control these symptoms. Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) are psychotherapy approaches that may also be helpful in treating the symptoms of test anxiety. Tips for Coping With Anxiety Ways to Help Overcome Test Anxiety Fortunately, there are steps that students can take to alleviate these unpleasant and oftentimes harmful symptoms. Some ways to help overcome test anxiety include: Practice stress management strategies. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing can help you to relax before and during a test.Make lifestyle modifications. Self-care habits such as getting enough sleep and eating healthy meals can be helpful for managing symptoms of anxiety.Establish good habits. Work on developing good study habits and make sure you are well-prepared for tests. One good way to do this is to reward yourself for the goals you set as you study.Learn to accept mistakes. Dont connect your self-worth to the tests outcome. Its one test and your worthwhileness as a person is not dependent on grades.Minimize distractions. Focus on the test and try not to get distracted by interfering thoughts. While students often try to deal with test anxiety on their own, there are resources available that can help. If you or your child need extra support, make an appointment with a school counselor, doctor, or mental health professional. 10 Tips for Managing Your Test Anxiety
Friday, May 22, 2020
Divorce and Marriages in the US - 1441 Words
I was a child the age of eight when my parents separated. I remember being nine years old and having to go into a lawyerââ¬â¢s office and having to appeal against my own father. I remember how many tears were drawn over those years. People deal with trauma in different ways, some facing whatever is coming on them and become spiteful. Others shut down and hide like a turtle in a shell. No matter how you deal with pain, no one can deny how traumatizing a failed marriage can be to oneââ¬â¢s health. Marriage is a failed and outdated practice, in the next century it has to be a practice that ceases to exist. About four-in-ten (39%) Americans hold the view that ââ¬Å"marriage is becoming obsolete.â⬠An over ten percent increase from merely forty years ago when only twenty-eight percent of the population held that view (A Record Low). We are living in a society where the role of marriage has been largely diminishing, on the rate of every 1,000 people 6.8 of our population had en tered a marriage in 2010. Yet nearly half of that of our population got divorced in the same year. For the past ten years our divorce rate has maintained that same rate of around fifty percent (Divorce Rate Trends). Showing that the rate of failed marriage over people entering marriage maintains a higher rate, while our public view of marriage has not reflected this enough. There are several factors at role behind the declined percentage of Americans who have entered a first marriage. One of the most beneficial isShow MoreRelatedMarriage, Divorce and Celibacy1459 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy The Apostle Paulââ¬â¢s Teachings on Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy MS Mid-America Christian University BINT3813-PSY1207 Foundations of Ethics: The Life and Teachings of Paul Lawrence Kirk Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy Abstract This paper explores the Apostle Paulââ¬â¢s teachings on marriage, divorce, remarrying and celibacy. This teaching on marriage is found in 1 Corinthians 7. In his teachings Paul gives advice to the unmarriedRead MoreThe Divorce Of Christian People1282 Words à |à 6 Pageshere? From the very beginning of time there has always been marriage. Marriage is first seen in the bible in Genesis 2:18, where God said that it is not good that man be alone. It is obvious because he put in in His word that God has always been about relationships and when he instituted the marriage of one man and one woman he believed that it was something that should last forever. Regardless of the intention that God had for marriage when he ordained it, too many people have made it to be somethingRead MoreEssay on Divorce: The Separation of the Inseparable952 Words à |à 4 PagesLove is the number one reason for marriage, even having Valentineââ¬â¢s Day to celebrate love. Yet Americans for Divorc e Reform (ADR) estimate that, ââ¬Å"Probably, 40 or possibly even 50 percent of marriages will end in divorce if current trends continue (Colleen). The ADR also shows the divorce rates between Christians and non-Christians are indistinguishable. Even worse, Christians divorcing their spouses are distorting the Bible in order to justify their actions. Christians must be called to a higherRead MoreHow Do You Feel About Divorce?908 Words à |à 4 PagesHow do you feel about divorce? In our culture today there are a lot of people that have gone through divorce or been affected by it. It has actually become the norm. If you donââ¬â¢t like your marriage just get out of it, seems to be the world tells us. After all, marriage is supposed to be wonderful and never have any problems right? I think itââ¬â¢s funny how some of us want our lives to look like the ones in the movies, but when life doesnââ¬â¢t go the way we had planned, we try to hit the eject buttonRead MoreMarri age Is The Legal Or Officialising Process913 Words à |à 4 PagesMarriage is an institution that ages back to ancient societies. It offered a secure environment and legal benefits to facilitate the granting of property rights. Marriage is the legal or officialising process by which two people under go to be recognized publicly and by law .It is the joiningà of two people in a bond that relatively lasts until death,à but in practice is increasingly cut short by divorce .Marriage allows a couple to have a stable relationship that is recognized by the state and byRead MoreHistory, Laws, And Health Impacts On Marriages And Divorce1687 Words à |à 7 Pagesfor marriage. On the other hand, there are Sorrell Trope and Daniel Jaffe; both of them are among some of the top divorce lawyers in the country. Sorrell Trope has represented Britney Spears, Nicole Kidman, and Tiger Woodsââ¬â¢s wife Elin Nordegren. Daniel Jaffe represented Rupert Murdochââ¬â¢s wife Anna Murdoch in their 1 .7 billion dollar divorce settlement. Marriage and divorce is something that happens all around us. In this paper we will look at the history, laws, and health impacts on marriages andRead MoreHow Children Are Affected Children With Non Divorced Parents Essay971 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording to the Encyclopedia of Psychology, one half of all marriages in the United States end in divorce. With these one million children are affected each year. Eighty five percent of these children live in single parent households, with the mother being the head of the house. The father is usually distant or does not speak to the children at all. These children are highly affected and experience a great deal of emotional and academic problems. Especially when you compare them to children withRead MoreHow the Western Concept of Marriage has Changed Essay990 Words à |à 4 Pagesthat healthy marriages are good for couplesââ¬â¢ mental and physical healthâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Marriage and Divorce,â⬠2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (ââ¬Å"Marriage and Divorce,â⬠2014). The social institution influence (structural) differs from the individual influence (life choices) in divorce by the scopeRead MoreMarriage Is A Part Of Most People s Lives All Across The World958 Words à |à 4 PagesMarriage is a part of most peopleââ¬â¢s lives all across the world. No difference in religion, culture, or country matters; marriage is a universal concept. People brought together by love. Today more than half of all first marriages end in divorce and sixty percent of all second marriages end in divorce. These statistics bring the rise of questions concerned of the shocking numbers. What happens during that time that causes such destruction on the people and the relationshi p? This subject of marriageRead MoreThe Issue Of Marriage And Divorce1490 Words à |à 6 Pages Marriage and divorce has always been a tricky subject for many couples, the fear of rejection, starting a family or hurting their other counterpart can come to play in many situations throughout their relationship. Traditionally marriages were known to be a sacred bond between two individuals. This bond can be between two heterosexuals or two individuals of the same sex. On May 17th, 2004 Massachusetts became the first state to allow all same-sex marriages (Dinno 2013). In Canada same-sex marriages
Sunday, May 10, 2020
Chronic Illness On Person And Environment - 1952 Words
Sickle Cell Anemia Patricia A. Walton HCS 331 Psychosocial Impact of Chronic Illness on Person and Environment Professor Alayna Defalco June 14, 2015 ââ¬Å"Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of blood cells caused by a genetic defect of the beta-globin chain of adult hemoglobin (HbA). The mutant forms of hemoglobin are sickle hemoglobin (HbS) because HbS polymerizes in deoxygenated blood, causing red blood cells to form a sickle shape. Normal hemoglobin has a biconcave disc shape that allows for maximum transportation of oxygenâ⬠(George, Mitchell, Mitchell, Eason, Fuh, Embse, 2014). The unpredictable, recurrent, fatal nature of SCD illness difficulties indicates an extremely complicated illness for parents to handle. Parents live with constant concern, a limited social life, and a major obligation to shelter their children from ecological stimuli. ââ¬Å"In the Igbo community in Nigeria a study was performed and people with SCD symptoms are more likely to be viewed as malevolent. People affected by HIV/AIDS have been stigmatized in Canada because of the illnessââ¬â¢s perceived high risk pf contagion, its incurable medical status, and its perceived links with marginalized groups in society. These factors are relevant to SCD because it is an incurable illness and predominantly affects racial and ethnic minority groups.â⬠(Jenerette, Coretta, Brewer, Cheryl, 2010). According to Jenerette, Coretta, Brewer, Cheryl (2010), ââ¬Å"The reliability of young AfricanShow MoreRelatedChronic Diseases Are The Leading Cause Of Death And Disability1586 Words à |à 7 PagesAccording to the World health organization , chronic diseases take the lives of more than 30 million people each year and are defined as an illness that is long in duration, slow in progression and is not passed from person to person. For Australia alone chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability. The Australian department of healths defining factors of chronic disease include, illness that is prolonged in duration, rarely cured completely and disease that does not often resolveRead MoreOvercoming Barriers : Hmong Culture917 Words à |à 4 PagesOvercoming Barriers: Hmong Culture For many Hmong people, immigrating to the United States of America is a large form of stress as it involves adapting to new cultures and new environments. In the documentary, the Split Horn, a Hmong shaman and his family immigrates to the United States to pursue a better life for themselves. The immense change from living in the countryside of Laos to moving to Wisconsin, America affects the family greatly. As the Hmong shaman tries to preserve his ancient traditionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Physical Illness1287 Words à |à 6 PagesEffects of Stress on Physical Illness Stress is an example of a behavior and experience explained in physiological and psychological terms. Recently, awareness has been heightened concerning the harmful effects of stress and how it can be successfully managed and prevented. Stults-Kolehmainen (2013) definition of stress focuses on some kind of force or mental pressure exerted upon an individual. Often, stress is often associated with anxiety, strain, tension, distress and fatigue (Childs de-WitRead MoreEssay On Home Health Care1710 Words à |à 7 Pagesborn with a severely weak immune system. A person like this is in constant paranoia because the risk of getting sick with pulmonary disease/infection is extremely high and their life expectancy may be lower than someone with a ââ¬Ënormalââ¬â¢ or healthy immune system. Moving In and out of hospitals is now a way of life for them. The average person does not have to deal with such burdens; but, for a person living with diseases such as cystic fibrosis or a person un dergoing chemotherapy, it is a daily realityRead MoreWhy The Nurse Interacts With A Family Managing A Chronic Illness1302 Words à |à 6 Pageswith a family managing a chronic illness. The nurse must consider the structure of the family and how they interact while also identifying how the family and individual with the chronic condition, manage their condition. They must identify any risk factors that may impede their ability to manage their chronic condition or protective factors that improve their abilities to self manage. An analysis of the developmental stage the family or individual along with the stage of illness they are experiencingRead MoreEpidemiology Is The Foundation Of Public Health Essay1406 Words à |à 6 Pagesdifferent groups of people and why. Various factors contribute towards the incidence of chronic disease, as identified with the development of the advanced model of the triangle of epidemiology. The triad comprises of an outer agent, a vulnerable host and a setting that brings the host and agent together (CDC, 2012). In this model, disease results from the relations between the agent and the vulnerable host in an environment that promotes the transmission of the agent from a source to that host. DiseaseRead MoreAn Effective Nursing Communication Intervention1490 Words à |à 6 Pagesbecomes the fastest growing chronic condition in Australia among all other chronic illness such as heart disease or cancer. Although T1DM cannot be prevented or cured at the present as the exact cause of the disease is not yet fully understood, it can be managed with insulin injections or insulin pump (Diabetes Australia, 2015). However, a person with Down Syndrome (DS) and moderate intellectual disability (ID) will face more health challenges managing his chronic illness than those without ID or geneticRead MoreUnderstanding Health And Health Promotion1348 Words à |à 6 Pagesis all encompassing, meaning that it is not merely defined by the absence of d isease, but rather it is a combination of factors that contribute to a sense of well-being. Doctor Margaret Newmanââ¬â¢s wellness-illness continuum (2003) defines health on a spectrum, with wellness at one end and illness at the other. This concept is one-dimensional and views health negatively, such that if an individual isnââ¬â¢t well, they are ill (Hall, Perry, Potter Stockert, 2014). Viewing health positively encompassesRead MoreImportance of Theory Paper1381 Words à |à 6 Pagesmade of 4 components: person, health, environment and nursing. The purpose of the theory is to promote adaptation. Adaptation will occur when people respond to environmental changes and itââ¬â¢s the process or outcome of an individualââ¬â¢s awareness and self- reflection. Nursingââ¬â¢s metaparadigm is similar to Royââ¬â¢s Adaptation Theory key concepts. A person is a biological being in constant interaction with a changing environment. The person uses mechanisms to adapt. People or persons are individuals, familiesRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words à |à 5 Pagesof how suffering, disease, and illness can be associated by many factors seen at the different levels in society and the medical sciences (source). Caring for each component is important to the healing process. In mental health nursing, as stated above, mental illnesses can affect the physical biological health of the body (same above source). A person may not know they are sick pending they are triggered by their environmental. For example, stressful environments like workplace settings can and
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Porterââ¬â¢s Fourht Force Is Bargaining Power of Buyers Free Essays
Porterââ¬â¢s fourth force is bargaining power of buyers. Buyers are known to have high bargaining power over firms when they are very sensitive towards prices and this is the case here with Fly Emirates and other airlines in general. Buyers have too many choices to pick from when prices of a certain airline rise, because most of the times they are not keen to pay that extra amount as they believe it does not give them much value in relation to what they are paying for, or just because they feel that the flight is just a mean to take them where they want to go and any airline can do the job so they prefer to cut travelling costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Porterââ¬â¢s Fourht Force Is Bargaining Power of Buyers or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can discuss porterââ¬â¢s fourth force it in the case of Emirates airlines along the following lines, the buyersââ¬â¢ ability to influence the prices and demand higher quality and value for the price, also their ability to trigger competition especially in a very high competitive environment like airlines industry, in many ways this ability forces airlines to bring down prices in order to compete which gives the buyers the advantage of enjoying lower prices and different promotions. Buyers have the choice between tickets or airlines that are within budget or luxurious flights like Emirates for the destination they want to travel to, it can also be referred to as bargaining leverage. Buyers also influence the Volume of purchases or in other words the number of tickets sold to a certain destination, for example to choose to travel to one country more often than another. They also have an easy access to all different offers and promotions over tickets from different airlines to various destinations which allow them to switch costs, as they choose their priorities for example better services vs. heaper tickets. Emirates airlines try to play along those lines and balance or influence buyerââ¬â¢s bargaining power by providing world class services that is proven to be the best, also differentiate themselves by offering a traveling experience rather than just a flight that will take buyers from one place to another, they have new highly technological airplanes, servi ce that is highly customized and personalized to match their customers need and lately they opened their own terminal which gives their clients great privileges and advantages. References: http://www. scribd. com/doc/23940023/Emirates-Porter-s-5 How to cite Porterââ¬â¢s Fourht Force Is Bargaining Power of Buyers, Papers
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
Norm Violation Essays (2381 words) - The Norm Show,
Norm Violation The Norm Violation that I performed took place in six different places, but mostly in the same environment. The Violations took place in Sayreville, New Brunswick, North Brunswick, Hazlet, Marlboro, and Matawan. You may now be asking yourself, what is in these towns that perform the same function? It could be a Police Department, Fire Department, a Food Market, a Burger King or even a Car Dealership. Well let me tell you that if you guessed any of these you were close but you didnt pin the tail on the donkey. The setting for my Norm Violation took place at several Movie Theaters in Middlesex and Monmouth Counties. The Normative Assumption in any Movie Theater is that you go in, buy your ticket, make a stop at the concession stand and buy some goodies, turn in half of your ticket to the Ticket Taker and finally go see your movie. This is the Norm for pretty much everyone with the exception of a few, some people may not go to the concession stand to get goodies, due to different reasons. Also something that is relatively new thanks to technology and computers, people no longer have to get their tickets at the Theater, they can get them online. All they have to do now is go to the Movie Theaters web site such as National Amusements.com, or they can go to Movie Tickets.com. They then go to a machine in the Theaters lobby to receive their tickets. Now as you know when you go to the concession stand and get your goodies, your popcorn comes in a bag and your soda comes in a cup, this is where the violation comes into play. When I got up to the concession counter I ordered a Medium Popcorn and a Large Soda, the attendant then brought the items to me, at this point I told the attendant that I wanted the popcorn in the cup and the soda in the bag. I went to 10 different people out of the six theaters, 6 of the attendants called there Managers, 3 were rude and said I had a problem and 1 actually did it. During the 10 times, 5 times I did it during the week when it wasnt busy, while the other 5 times it was done on a Friday and Saturday night when it was very busy and both the attendants and other patrons behind me started getting very upset. In all of the situations I was the bad guy, the attendant was the guy just trying to earn money for a car, college and his prom and the manager was the intermediate and the person making sure that the patrons were happy. In Hazlet most of the people were from the upper class and the manager was a white female in the upper class that led to them looking down on me. While in Matawan the people ranged from the middle to upper class and the manager was from the middle class and most of the people ignored me and didnt care. When I was in Marlboro it was the same situation as Matawan, but some of the people around sent some very negative remarks towards me. While in New and North Brunswick as well as Sayreville most of the employees were from the lower class, where as the Managers were from the upper class, they lived in Rumson, Holmdel and Edison. In all of these situations I wore jeans, a nice pair of sneakers, an aeropostal long sleeve shirt and an open dress shirt over it. In all of the situations I spoke very nice and always used a low voice as well as always saying Thank You and Please. I was also always telling them that this was the way that I always eat popcorn and soda and that you could charge me the same price but only fill the bag with a medium drink and fill the drink up, that they would be making money on me. When the Managers would come down to see me, I would tell them that I never had a problem at other theaters. For example, if I was at a Sony theater I would
Friday, March 20, 2020
Essay on Secularization
Essay on Secularization Essay on Secularization Essay on Secularization1) After 10 years since the publication of ââ¬Å"God is dead: secularization in the Westâ⬠, Steve Bruce returned to the topic of secularization in order to response on the objections raised against his theory. In fact, polemic aspect of the work raises the most interest as theoretical part hardly differs from the one represented in the book ââ¬Å"God is deadâ⬠. Here one may find the same scheme, which describes the movement from the protestant reformation through the industrial capitalism to the secular state and liberal democracy within the frameworks of which there goes ââ¬Å"secularization in the Westâ⬠. The whole process of secularization, if to describe it in a couple of words, is in the fact that individualism, diversity and egalitarianism in the context of liberal democracy undermine the authority of religion. Social meaning of religion declines and it becomes personal deal of the believer.Most of the arguments against the theory of sec ularization are based on not understanding or false interpretation of this theory. Bruce is required to explain that he is not inventing some immutable law of social development that is applicable to all societies. Paradigm of secularization is an attempt to explain some common treats of the recent past of the modern liberal democracies [Bruce S., 2011]. That is why it is impossible to refute the secularization theory by means of, for instance, reference on the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Even if the political regime was secular, the Iran community could have been whatever, but the industrial liberal democracy.One more argument against the secularization theory is that even in the most secularized countries despite the evident decline of traditional religions, most of the population still believes that there is some numen, God or etc. Secularization theory does not imply that all members of modernized secular society should be atheists. Bruce responses on the critiques according to which the more is religious ââ¬Å"supplyâ⬠, the more is religious ââ¬Å"demandâ⬠and vice versa. He pays attention to the fact that in the western world the most homogeneous catholic and orthodox communities are more religious than the pluralistic protestant ones.Secularization theory says about the decline of social role of religion and about the decline of intensity of religious life at the level of individual believers. Bruce emphasizes that secularization while being irreversible process is still not uniform process. Some ââ¬Å"slowingâ⬠of the secularization process still exists as while secularization becomes stronger, there appear stronger opposition in relation to it and different religious groups start attracting new followers and showing great activity as there appear more evident and clear threat for their traditional way of living.2) Combination of the fact that American culture was becoming more liberal and there was growth of self-conscience of conser vative Protestants has become the basis for rise of ââ¬Å"the right Christiansâ⬠[Bruce.S., 2011]. On the other hand, Bruce shows that mobilization of resources has not led to any more or less considerable victory on the legislative level and even more failure there has been when they tried to reverse all alterations in the life preferences of common Americans. Percent of women engaged in full working day out of home has increased; divorces became more common; ââ¬Å"living in sinâ⬠became everyday practice and the phrase has fallen into disuse; women started to participate in the social life more actively, etc.In other words, trend for secularization remained irrespective to the attempts of the right Christians to reverse it. Bruce replies on critiques as for the secularization theory on behalf of the supporters of thesis about ââ¬Å"exclusivity of Americaâ⬠. If the USA are exclusive in some way, it is just owing to the fact that secularization process takes place more slowly there (owing to the huge emigrant communities, absence of strict centralization, etc.). Of course, the United States remain more religious than Europe, but at the same time, they are less religious than 50 years ago. First of all, there are evidences that Christianity lose power, prestige and popularity in the USA. Secondly, Christianity becomes more and more secular. As for the third, despite definite influence of the ââ¬Å"right Christiansâ⬠on social life, they did not manage to achieve considerable success in attempt to reverse the tendency according to which religion could become more marginal in the role of social system functioning. According to Bruce, America is one of the most religious countries. Though, it can be explained as about 10% of the USA population is immigrants in the first generation. Such people came from religious countries such as Mexico, Asian countries, etc. Moreover, initially America was considered to be secularized country on the macro level as there was freedom of religion.3) The USA is one of the few countries where many faiths ââ¬â denominations exist. Seeds of American religious freedom were sown at the end of the colonial period when growing hostility to the Church of England and understanding of the availability of many entrenched beliefs prompted politicians to find a solution that would exclude the privileged position of one religious group over another. As a result, there was a separation of church from the state that was realized in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and later in constitutions of all states. Freedom of religion became the basis of religious pluralism and high degree of religious tolerance.Macintosh and Alston tried to reproduce the original study of Lenski and found very little difference between Protestants and Catholics in respect of family devotion and participation in voluntary organizations. Protestants and Catholics who increasingly demonstrated commitment to their c hurch had a wide range of interests and matter outside the church. Though, sociologists strive to separate religion influence from other factors, some of them essentially influence the peopleââ¬â¢s views. Some people visit church because they deeply believe in God, some because of a habit and the third ones are attracted by the beauty and atmosphere of peace reigning in the church. On the other hand, there are deeply religious people who do not go to church. If to see religion from the other point of view and take into account personal beliefs, one may see that in the USA there are a number of citizens whose religious beliefs are higher than in any other industrialized country. There is a kind of civil religion according to which America is ââ¬Å"the Promised Landâ⬠to which God led the oppressed people of Europe just as he helped the Jews to leave Egypt. Americans swear allegiance to one nation. Many ceremonies begin with a prayer and even the inscription on the U.S. dolla r claims that ââ¬Å"we believe in Godâ⬠. Recently fighters for freedom of religion call for the extension of civil religion. They seek to revive the reading of prayer in public schools.4) It is quite hard to tell whether secularization is a good or bad thing as it differently influences the life of each and every person. As it is known, religion has always had a great impact on the social life of people as a kind of way to control it. With appearance of new technologies, the role of religion started to decrease. But what if once people could stay without definite help of the state? Maybe then the return of religion would take place? Maybe if there were no factors causing secularization, there would be no such trend as itself. This is the question that is worth thinking.Hypothesis of secularization that appeared in the middle of XX century shows that with the time, religion would be forced out of life of the society by science and technologies. The softer version of this hypoth esis is that religion would not disappear totally, but it will lose its influence. According to this point of view, reticence or negative depiction of the religious figures and practices in the mass media are the external signatures of secularization. Many researchers who adhere to the secularization hypothesis point that it raises the whole range of social and psychological problems leading to apathy, cynicism, excessive desire for acquisition and consumption of material goods at the expense of spiritual values. Secularization contributes to wide spreading of atheism in its different forms.Till the end of XX century secularization hypothesis was rejected by the number of scientists as it contradicts to the following tendencies:There is still interest in religion and low level of atheism even in the countries with high level of the science and technologies development (e.g. the USA);Tendencies in the modern religion have not changed since the old times;Secularization in the regions with low level of religiosity is anomaly and caused by unusual social and cultural factors.In general, existential questions are eternal and their solution is always outside the rational definition. That is why there would always be place for religious answers in the human experience. As a result, it may be said that religion is still existing and developing and besides, secularization has its boundaries.
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Mississippi Online Public and Charter Schools (List)
Mississippi Online Public and Charter Schools (List) Mississippi offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Mississippi. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Mississippi Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Mississippi Virtual Public School (off-site link) About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund ââ¬Å"seatsâ⬠for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing a Mississippi Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.
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